The individual and cultural upheavals of early colonial New France were experienced differently by French explorers and settlers, and by Native traditionalists

A brief overview of French colonial society before the British conquest of 1759-60. The primary focus is on what is now called Quebec, but there are also chapte

Did women have a civic identity in eighteenth-century France? In Citoyennes: Women and the Ideal of Citizenship in Eighteenth-Century France, Annie Smart conten

In the eighteenth century, French women were active in a wide range of employments-from printmaking to running whole-sale businesses-although social and legal s