To determine insights for future disengagements, this thesis examines four historical episodes in which Western nations withdrew from on-going conflicts against

A Washington Post Best Book of 2021 ​The #1 New York Times bestselling investigative story of how three successive presidents and their military commanders de

This publication is the second in a series of lessons learned reports which examine how the U.S. government and Departments of Defense, State, and Justice carri

Compares the reasons for and the responses to the insurgencies in Afghanistan and Pakistan since October 2001. Also examines the lack of security and the suppor

The most useful forms of outside support for an insurgent movement include safe havens, financial support, political backing, and direct military assistance. Be