The theory of comparative federalism asserts that federations require a second chamber for the representation of regional interests in central law-making. Yet t

Notwithstanding the fact that among the parliaments of the world, 38 per cent have Second Chambers (67 out of 179), Second Chambers themselves have only rarely

This paper is in four parts: (1) a brief consideration of the relation of bicameralism to federalism; (2) a comparative outline of the methods of appointment, c

This book provides a detailed introduction to how the Lander (the 16 states of Germany) function not only within the country itself but also within the wider co