Introduction to San Marino

Book excerpt: San Marino is a small republic located in the northeastern part of the Italian Peninsula, with a population of just over 33,000 as of 2021. It is surrounded by the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and is one of the smallest countries in the world. San Marino is the oldest functioning republic in the world, having been established in 301 A.D., and is also the world's smallest landlocked country. San Marino is made up of nine municipalities or "castelli," each with its own distinct character and cultural heritage. The country prides itself on its historic landmarks, including the Three Towers of San Marino, which have stood for centuries and are symbols of the country's independence and resilience. The economy of San Marino is primarily based on tourism, as visitors from around the world flock to see its natural beauty and cultural wonders. Despite its small size, San Marino is home to a thriving artistic community, with many local artists and artisans showcasing their work in galleries and exhibitions throughout the country.