Manuals Combined" ARMY AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINES

Book excerpt: COURSE OVERVIEW: Fulfilling the Army's need for engines of simple design that are easy to operate and maintain, the gas turbine engine is used in all helicopters of Active Army and Reserve Components, and most of the fixed-wing aircraft to include the Light Air Cushioned Vehicle (LACV). We designed this subcourse to teach you theory and principles of the gas turbine engine and some of the basic army aircraft gas turbine engines used in our aircraft today. CHAPTERS OVERVIEW Gas turbine engines can be classified according to the type of compressor used, the path the air takes through the engine, and how the power produced is extracted or used. The chapter is limited to the fundamental concepts of the three major classes of turbine engines, each having the same principles of operation. Chapter 1 is divided into three sections; the first discusses the theory of turbine engines. The second section deals with principles of operation, and section III covers the major engine sections and their description. CHAPTER 2 introduces the fundamental systems and accessories of the gas turbine engine. Each one of these systems must be present to have an operating turbine engine. Section I describes the fuel system and related components that are necessary for proper fuel metering to the engine. The information in CHAPTER 3 is important to you because of its general applicability to gas turbine engines. The information covers the procedures used in testing, inspecting, maintaining, and storing gas turbine engines. Specific procedures used for a particular engine must be those given in the technical manual (TM) covering that engine The two sections of CHAPTER 4 discuss, in detail, the Lycoming T53 series gas turbine engine used in Army aircraft. Section I gives a general description of the T53, describes the engine's five sections, explains engine operation, compares models and specifications, and describes the engine's airflow path. The second section covers major engine assemblies and systems. CHAPTER 5 covers the Lycoming T55 gas turbine engine. Section I gives an operational description of the T55, covering the engine's five sections. Section II covers in detail each of the engine's sections and major systems. The SOLAR T62 auxiliary power unit (APU) is used in place of ground support equipment to start some helicopter engines. It is also used to operate the helicopter hydraulic and electrical systems when this aircraft is on the ground, to check their performance. The T62 is a component of both the CH- 47 and CH-54 helicopters -- part of them, not separate like the ground-support-equipment APU's. On the CH-54, the component is called the auxiliary powerplant rather than the auxiliary power unit, as it is on the CH-47. The two T62's differ slightly. CHAPTER 6 describes the T62 APU; explains its operation; discusses the reduction drive, accessory drive, combustion, and turbine assemblies; and describes the fuel, lubrication, and electrical systems. CHAPTER 7 describes the T63 series turboshaft engine, which is manufactured by the Allison Division of General Motors Corporation. The T63-A-5A is used to power the OH-6A, and the T63-A-700 is in the OH-58A light observation helicopter. Although the engine dash numbers are not the same for each of these, the engines are basically the same. As shown in figure 7.1, the engine consists of four major components: the compressor, accessory gearbox, combustor, and turbine sections. This chapter explains the major sections and related systems. The Pratt and Whitney T73-P-1 and T73-P-700 are the most powerful engines used in Army aircraft. Two of these engines are used to power the CH-54 flying crane helicopter. The T73 design differs in two ways from any of the engines covered previously. The airflow is axial through the engine; it does not make any reversing turns as the airflow of the previous engines did, and the power output shaft extends from the exhaust end. CHAPTER 8 describes and discusses the engine sections and systems. Constant reference to the illustrations in this chapter will help you understand the discussion. TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1 Theory and Principles of Gas Turbine Engines - 2 Major Engine Sections - 3 Systems and Accessories - 4 Testing, Inspection, Maintenance, and Storage Procedures - 5 Lycoming T53 - 6 Lycoming T55 - 7 Solar T62 Auxiliary Power Unit - 8 Allison T62, Pratt & Whitney T73 and T74, and the General Electric T700 - Examination. I