To those who loved him, like Teddy Roosevelt, he was "Nicholas Miraculous," the fabled educator who had a hand in everything; to those who did not, like Upton S

"Joel and Arthur Spingarn were privileged, white, and Jewish. Born into an upper-class New York City family (in 1875 and 1878, respectively), the brothers quick

The New School for Social Research opened in 1919 as an act of protest. Founded in the name of academic freedom, it quickly emerged as a pioneer in adult educat