Ethnographic studies trace the background to and impact of urbanisation and Christianisation, and the development of royal power, which stimulated the transitio

Jural relations desumed from Carolingian capitularies show interesting connections to preceding customary norms, whilst the vicissitudes of the regional economy

This is the second update of "A Cumulative Bibliography of Medieval Military History and Technology," which appeared in 2002. It is meant to do two things: to p

Essays on the depiction of animals, birds and insects in early medieval material culture, from texts to carvings to the landscape itself. For people in the earl

Franks and Northmen explores the full spectrum of Franco-Scandinavian interaction, examining not just violence but also less well-known relationships centered o