Fibre Bundles

Book excerpt: The notion of a fibre bundle first arose out of questions posed in the 1930s on the topology and geometry of manifolds. By the year 1950 the defini tion of fibre bundle had been clearly formulated, the homotopy classifica tion of fibre bundles achieved, and the theory of characteristic classes of fibre bundles developed by several mathematicians, Chern, Pontrjagin, Stiefel, and Whitney. Steenrod's book, which appeared in 1950, gave a coherent treatment of the subject up to that time. About 1955 Milnor gave a construction of a universal fibre bundle for any topological group. This construction is also included in Part I along with an elementary proof that the bundle is universal. During the five years from 1950 to 1955, Hirzebruch clarified the notion of characteristic class and used it to prove a general Riemann-Roch theorem for algebraic varieties. This was published in his Ergebnisse Monograph. A systematic development of characteristic classes and their applications to manifolds is given in Part III and is based on the approach of Hirze bruch as modified by Grothendieck.