Winchester in the Early Middle Ages

Book excerpt: London and Winchester were not described in the Domesday Book, but the royal properties in Winchester were surveyed for Henry I about 1110 and the whole city was surveyed for Bishop Henry of Blois in 1148. These two surveys survive in a single manuscript, known as the Winton Domesday, andconstitute the earliest and by far the most detailed description of an English or European town of the early Middle Ages. In the period covered Winchester probably achieved the peak of its medieval prosperity. From the reign of Alfred to that of Henry II it was a town of the first rank, initiallycentre of Wessex, then the principal royal city of the Old English state, and finally 'capital' in some sense, but not the largest city, of the Norman Kingdom.In this book a team of scholars from Britain and Sweden, centred on the Wincheste Research Unit have undertaken a full edition, translation, and analyses of the surveys and of the city they depict. Drawing on the evidence derived from archaeological excavation and historical research in the citysince 1961, on personal- and place-name evidence, and on the recent advances in Anglo-Saxon numismatics, they provide an unparalleled account of one of the principal European cities of the eleventh and twelfth centuries.