A Complete History of the Negro Leagues, 1884 to 1955

Book excerpt: For over fifty years - or up until that bright April day in 1947 when Jackie Robinson smashed the major leagues' color barrier - the only ball fields where an African-American could play organized baseball were the tarnished diamonds of the Negro baseball leagues. On these fields, men such as Satchel Paige, Josh Gibson, Cool Papa Bell, and John Henry Lloyd played for teams such as the Kansas City Monarchs, the Homestead Grays, the Chicago American Giants, and the Pittsburgh Crawfords.