Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms Methodologies for assessing Bt cotton in Brazil

Book excerpt: Improving the scientific basic for environmental risk assessment through the case study of Bt cotton Brazil; The cotton agricultural context in Brazil; Consideration of problem formulation and option assessment for Bt cotton Brazil; Transgene expression and locus structure of Bt cotton; Methodology to support non-target and biodiversity risk Assessment; Non-target and biodiversity impacts on non-target herbivorous pests; Non-target and biodiversity impacts on pollinators and flower-visiting insects; Assessing the effects of Bt cotton on generalist arthropod predators; Non-target and biodiversity impacts on Parasitoids; Non-target and biodiversity impacts in soil; Assessing gene from Bt cotton in Brazil and its possible consequences; Resistance risks of Bt cotton and their managementi in Brazil; Supporting riskn assessment of Bt cotton in Brazil: synthesis and recommendations.