Al-Mu'ayyad bi-llah al-Haruni (d. 411/1020) was a representative of the intellectual center of the Zaydiyya in Northern Iran and a student of the leading Muʿta

When debating the need for prophets, Muslim theologians frequently cited an objection from a group called the Barāhima – either a prophet conveys what is in

How widespread was authorship among rulers in the premodern Islamic world? The writings of different types of rulers in different regions and periods are analyz

The political thought of Muslim societies is all too often defined in religious terms, in which the writings of clerics are seen as representative and ideas abo

In this examination of an extraordinary Islamic anti-Christian polemic, the author describes Q 'Abd al-Jabb?r's life, his intellectual heritage and the sectaria