With Hobbes and Locke, Spinoza is arguably one of the most important political philosophers of the modern era, a premier theoretician of democracy and mass poli

There have been many Spinozas over the centuries: atheist, romantic pantheist, great thinker of the multitude, advocate of the liberated individual, and rigorou

A comprehensive and novel interpretation of Spinoza's political writings that reveals the significance of the affects for political life.

Spinoza's Theological-Political Treatise (1670) is one of the most important philosophical works of the early modern period. In it Spinoza discusses at length t

Baruch Spinoza is one of the most influential and controversial political philosophers of the early modern period. Though best-known for his contributions to me