The subsequent remaking of Lebanon of first as an administrative unit under French mandate and later as a sovereign "nation-state" will be interpreted as one wa

This book studies the change in Mediterranean port cities, from the nineteenth century when they flourished as a result of international economic relations and

The book takes a close look at the origins and development of the Syrian identity, during the 18th and 19th centuries, through the role of Christian Arab intell

This volume brings together some thirty essays in a Festschrift in honour of Abdul-Karim Rafeq, the leading historian of Ottoman Syria, touching on themes in so