Zhang argues that property institutions in preindustrial China and England were a cause of China's lagging development in preindustrial times.

Tying together cultural history, legal history, and institutional economics, The Laws and Economics of Confucianism: Kinship and Property in Pre-Industrial Chin

This volume shows the influence of the Sage's teachings over the course of Chinese history--on state ideology, the civil service examination system, imperial go

While Confucian ideals continue to inspire thinkers and political actors, discussions of concrete Confucian practices and institutions appropriate for the moder

Qiao demonstrates how an impersonal and unbounded market can operate without legal protection or enforcement of property and contract rights.